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Kinetic Study of Sulfonated Chitosan by Sulfuric Acid |
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PP: 1-11 |
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Author(s) |
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Sara G. Abd-elnaeem,
Azza. I.Hafez,
Kamel M. El-khatib,
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Abstract |
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| The proton exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cell applications is synthesized from hydrophilic chitosan (CS) via sulfonation using sulfuric acid under different conditions. Sulfonation is confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (¹HNMR). Two reaction kinetics models, namely the first-order reversible and first-order irreversible models, are evaluated. The kinetics follow the first-order irreversible model, with the activation energy (Ea) calculated to be 35.6 kJ/mol for the CS repeat unit, indicating a non-spontaneous reaction. |
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