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Assessment Of Heavy Metals Concentration Levels In Portable Drinking Water Around Crude Oil Exploration Sites In Obi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria |
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PP: 141-149 |
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doi:10.18576/jrna/100207
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Author(s) |
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Ingawa A. Farouq,
Umaru Ibrahim,
Abdullahi A. Mundi,
Samson D. Yusuf,
Idris M. Mustapha,
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Abstract |
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| In this study, the heavy metal analysis concentrations in portable drinking water around crude oil exploration sites in Obi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria were assessed. Sixty water samples (twenty each from a well, borehole, and stream) were collected, prepared, and analyzed for heavy metal concentration using microplasma atomic emission spectrometry analysis. The hazard parameters such as chronic daily intake, hazard quotient, hazard index, and incremental life cancer risk were calculated for heavy metal concentration analysis. The results of heavy metals in the collected water samples from the study area were determined. The minimum (maximum) values of the combined concentration of Cd, Cr, As, Pb, and Ni in all the water sources are 0.00011 mg/L (0.00377 mg/L), 0.01001 mg/L (0.05101 mg/L), 0.00003 mg/L (0.00906 mg/L), 0.00014 mg/L (0.10100 mg/L), and 0.01002 mg/L (0.01002 mg/L), respectively. The mean concentration of heavy metals is 0.000951418 mg/L, 0.028627167 mg/L, 0.003285667 mg/L, 0.005518 mg/L, and 0.039830667 mg/L, for Cd, Cr, As, Pb, and Ni, respectively. The mean concentration is in the order; of Pb>Ni>As>Cr>Cd. The chronic daily intake (CDI) for child (adult) are 6.08E-5 mg/kg/day (2.61E-5 mg/kg/day) for Cd, 1.83E-3 mg/kg/day (7.84E-4 mg/kg/day) for Cr, 2.10E-4 mg/kg/day (9.00E-5 mg/kg/day) for As, 3.53E-4 mg/kg/day (1.51E-4 mg/kg/day), and 2.55E-3 mg/kg/day (1.09E-3 mg/kg/day). The hazard quotient (HQ) for the child (adult) is 0.121643 (0.052133) for Cd, 6.100457 (2.614353) for Cr, 0.700142 (0.300061) for As, 0.097986 (0.041994), and 0.127313 (0.054563) for Ni. Both values of Cd for children and adults are below 1.0, indicating that the risk of adverse health effects from cadmium exposure is low for both children and adults. Both values for children and adults of Cr significantly exceed 1.0, indicating a high potential health risk from chromium exposure for both children and adults. The ILCR data for the water samples from the crude oil exploration site in Obi, Nasarawa State, indicate significant cancer risks, particularly due to chromium, nickel, and cadmium. The cumulative ILCR of 0.0334 far exceeds typical safety thresholds, underscoring the urgent need for remediation and preventive measures to protect public health. |
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